A study published in the Cancer journal issued a global health warning: cancer cases and deaths among men will rise by 2050. Australian researchers project an 84% increase in cancer cases, with cancer-related deaths climbing by 93%. People assigned male at birth (AMAB) aged 65 and older will experience the sharpest impact, with deaths in this group expected to surge by 117%. These figures point to the growing challenges in mitigating malignant diseases, as populations age and healthcare inequalities deepen across the world. The outlook is most concerning for men in low-income regions worldwide, where healthcare remains limited and treatment options are inadequate.
The newly published research, which analyzed data from 30 cancer types across 185 countries, focuses on the unique burden men will face. Men already face higher risks of dying from cancer compared to women, mainly due to lifestyle choices like smoking, alcohol consumption, greater exposure to workplace carcinogens, and lower rates of cancer screening participation. Men in the U.S. alone have a lower chance of preventing or detecting cancer early, as 65% of them have reported being behind on one or more routine screenings, according to Foundation’s 2024 Early Detection Survey.
Whether you’re a father, brother, husband, friend, or perhaps a woman with a male figure in your life, your awareness of the driving forces behind this anticipated increase in cancer cases may save lives.
Why Are Cancer and Mortality Rates Higher in Men?
Women have a one in three chance of developing cancer in their lifetimes, while men have a one in two chance, as per the National Cancer Institute. Multiple factors contribute to this disparity.
Behavioral Factors: Smoking and Alcohol Use
Tobacco and alcohol use are leading drivers of cancer among men.
Men smoke five times more than women, which puts them at higher risk for lung and bronchus cancers. In the United States, smoking is responsible for 80% to 90% of lung cancer deaths.
While the gap is narrowing, men continue to drink more alcohol and experience and cause more intoxication-related injuries and deaths than women. Alcohol consumption heightens the risk of liver, colorectal, and mouth cancers, among others.
Occupational Hazards and Carcinogen Exposure
Jobs in construction, manufacturing, mining, and other labor-intensive industries expose men to harmful chemicals like asbestos, which is a leading cause of mesothelioma. Without adequate safety measures and protective regulations, men working day in and out in these industries will continue to be at risk.
Lower Participation in Cancer Screenings
Indifference to screening for cancer is another challenge among men. Many men delay or avoid seeking medical care, often resulting in advanced-stage cancer diagnoses. Furthermore, cultural and societal stigmas around masculinity and health, combined with a lack of awareness, make men less likely to undergo screening for prostate, colon, and other cancers, especially cases of male breast cancer (yes, it affects men.) Avoiding preventive care contributes directly to higher cancer mortality rates among men, as early detection improves survival outcomes.
Healthcare Disparities in Low-Income Regions
In many low- and middle-income communities, the gap between men’s health and medical care widens further. Even in First World countries like the U.S., financially challenged individuals have limited access to screening programs, treatments, and cancer prevention resources. A shortage of healthcare infrastructure, paired with low levels of public health education, leaves millions of men disadvantaged and more vulnerable to poor outcomes.
As 2050 approaches, the estimated surge in cancer cases demands immediate action. Stronger healthcare systems, more aggressive prevention efforts, and improved access to early detection and treatment are necessary to mitigate this looming crisis.
Cancers in Men Expected to Rise
Lung cancer due to smoking may remain the most life-threatening for men, while mesothelioma and prostate cancer may also surge in cases and fatalities by 2050. Cancers that traditionally affected older men are also now rising among younger generations, adding new challenges to the global cancer predicament. Understanding these cancer trends can help us prepare for and respond to this growing threat to the male population.
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer remains the deadliest cancer for men, and projections for 2050 show no change in this trend. Smoking accounts for most lung cancer cases, and regions with high smoking rates will likely experience the worst outcomes. Without considerable reductions in smoking rates and better public health interventions, lung cancer will continue to claim the lives of millions of men worldwide. Early detection programs and smoking cessation efforts can decrease lung cancer’s devastating impact, but public health systems and policymakers must expand these measures to keep up with the growing burden.
Additional resources about lung cancer:
- How Smoking Increases Lung Cancer Risk
- Strategies to Quit Smoking
- Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke
Mesothelioma
By 2050, mesothelioma will have one of the highest incidence rates among men by 2050. Men in the industrial industry worldwide often encounter asbestos, which can cause this rare but highly aggressive disease. Even in countries that have banned asbestos, its widespread use in the past continues to affect previously exposed men today. Mesothelioma can take as long as 20 to 40+ years to develop. It develops quicker in people exposed to asbestos for several years than those with low-level or brief exposure.
Stronger regulations, improved worker protections, and strict asbestos removal efforts can help reduce the projected boom in cases, especially in countries that continue to use asbestos, such as Russia, China, and India.
Prostate Cancer
As populations age, prostate cancer will affect a greater number of men. The specific causes of prostate cancer are obscure, although a man’s risk increases as they grow older. Most cases are diagnosed in males over 50 years old.
Current treatment options, including immunotherapy for prostate cancer at New Hope Unlimited, can prove effective, especially when diagnosed early. However, as mentioned earlier, many men receive diagnoses at later stages due to the lack of routine screening. Encouraging more men to get regular prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests can prevent advanced-stage prostate cancer deaths. Doctors recommend starting at 55 years old, but men may need PSA screening between 40 and 54 if they have a first-degree relative (father or brother) with a history of prostate cancer.
Helpful resources about prostate cancer:
- How Important Is Prostate Cancer Screening?
- Updates on Prostate Cancer and Its Alarming Incidence Rate
- Five Outright Lies About Prostate Cancer
Cancers on the Rise in Younger Generations
Several cancers, including colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and gastric malignancies, are affecting younger men (Gen Xers and Millennials). Sedentary lifestyles, poor nutrition, continued smoking and drinking habits, and increasing obesity rates contribute to this shift. In particular, colorectal cancer has become a growing concern among men in their 40s and 50s. Public health initiatives need to educate younger men about these risks and promote preventive screenings, especially among men with family histories or genetic predispositions.
Please read 17 Cancers Threatening Gen Xers and Millennials for more information on this topic.
How Men Can Lower Their Cancer Risk
Cancer is a threat to men worldwide, but many of the risk factors are controllable. Prevention is a formidable weapon against cancer, and focusing on what can be changed can reduce cancer incidence and improve long-term outcomes.
Men can take these simple, proactive steps to lower their risk:
Quit Smoking
Smoking is one of the most preventable cancer causes. Tobacco use dramatically increases the risk of 12 cancers, including of the lung, larynx, oral cavity, and esophagus, among others. Men who smoke are 5 to 30 times more prone to developing and dying from lung cancer, but quitting or cutting back on smoking can have immediate and long-term health benefits. Even men who have smoked for decades can reduce their risk by breaking the habit today. Related: How the Body Recovers After Quitting Smoking
To lessen cravings and eventually break free from tobacco use, smokers can seek prescription medications, counseling, nicotine replacement therapies, and support groups. Men who avoid smoking altogether or quit early enjoy much lower cancer risks throughout their lives. For those who live in countries where smoking is deeply ingrained in social culture, public health initiatives and support networks can help make this change. Eliminating exposure to secondhand smoke is also critical since it can cause lung cancer in non-smokers.
Eat a Balanced, Nutritious Diet
What men eat influences their cancer risk. A diet rich in low-sugar fruits, nutrient-dense greens, whole grains, and lean proteins provides essential nutrients and antioxidants that help the body fight cancer. In contrast, men who eat more red and processed meats, processed foods, trans fats, or sugar can increase the risk of several cancers.
To lower cancer risk, men should focus on incorporating more plant-based foods into their diets. Broccoli, spinach, carrots, and leafy greens contain vitamins and fiber that support immune function and digestive health. Whole grains, including brown rice and oats, also reduce cancer risks due to their high fiber content, which may prevent colorectal conditions. Limiting red meat, particularly processed variants like sausages and bacon, helps cut down the intake of harmful carcinogens that increase cancer risk. How men prefer to cook their food matters, too. For example, grilling and charring cause carcinogenic substances like HCAs and PAHs to form in the food.
Staying hydrated, limiting sugary drinks, and avoiding excessive salt and fat are also elements of a cancer-preventive diet. Moderation is key, and occasional indulgences will not cancel out the advantages of an overall balanced diet. Men with healthier eating habits reduce their chances of developing cancers associated with poor diet and obesity.
Maintain a Healthy Weight and Stay Active
Obesity tops the list as a risk factor for several cancers, including colorectal, pancreatic, kidney, and liver malignancies. Men who maintain a healthy weight reduce their risk for these cancers and have a higher chance of living a long life. Frequent exercise and a balanced diet are winning combinations for weight management and reduced cancer risk. Working out also powers the immune system, improves circulation, and enhances digestion, which collectively aids in lowering cancer risks.
Men need at least 2.5 hours of moderate aerobic activity or 1.25 hours of vigorous activity each week. Resistance training or weightlifting further enhances overall health. But men don’t need to hit the gym to maintain an active lifestyle. Simple habits like going up the stairs, walking a pet, cycling to work, or engaging in sports and recreational activities have benefits that add up over time. Staying physically active also helps prevent chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes.
Limit Alcohol Consumption, or Save It for Special Occasions
Drinking too much increases the risk of liver, throat, mouth, and colon cancers. Men generally consume more alcohol than women, which raises their overall cancer risk. The more alcohol consumed over time, the greater the risk, especially when paired with other risk factors like smoking and poor nutrition. Men who want to lower their cancer risk should moderate their alcohol intake.
The American Heart Association says men should limit their consumption to two drinks per day. Staying sober, or drinking alcohol occasionally instead of regularly, also lowers the likelihood of developing liver disease and other alcohol-related health issues, contributing to better overall health.
Protect Yourself from Carcinogens in the Workplace
As discussed, more men than women work in industries that expose them to carcinogens, such as asbestos, silica, and chemicals in certain paints and solvents. Employees in the construction, agriculture, mining, and manufacturing industries often encounter or work directly with harmful substances, which elevate their cancer risk. Men can lower this risk by wearing protective gear, following all safety protocols, and advocating for safer working conditions.
Industries and employers that expose workers to chemicals should prioritize health and safety measures to minimize exposure. Workers should take individual precautions, such as wearing protective masks, gloves, and clothing, and reducing direct contact with toxic materials as much as possible. Staying informed about occupational hazards and seeking safer alternatives can help millions lower their cancer risk. Also read: How to Cut Down Cancer Risk in the Workplace
Take It Easy
Feeling stressed all the time can weaken the immune system and increase vulnerability to diseases like cancer.
Stress-reduction techniques like meditation, deep breathing, and physical activities help calm the mind and body. Pursuing personal interests and connecting with others can also provide emotional support and relaxation. Maintaining a balanced lifestyle, prioritizing rest, and setting healthy boundaries in personal relationships and at work contribute to managing stress and potentially lowering cancer-related risks.
Get Regular Screenings
Early detection improves treatment success and survival for many cancers. Unfortunately, many men delay or avoid screenings due to fear, lack of awareness, stigma, or misconceptions about their importance. It’s time to tear these walls down.
Discussing family health history and risk factors with a doctor determines the most appropriate screening schedule for each person. Annual check-ups and open communication with a general practitioner also help detect signs of cancer early, leading to better outcomes.
Break the Stigma and Don’t Be Afraid to Open Up
One of men’s biggest challenges regarding health is the perpetual reluctance to talk about their concerns. For example, 2021 research by Movember revealed that 60% of men do not share their feelings with anyone. Several more men hesitate to open up about symptoms or fears related to cancer, whether out of pride, fear, or uncertainty. However, talking to someone—may it be a close family member, a friend, or a trusted confidant—can save lives. Sharing even seemingly minor health concerns allows loved ones to offer support and encourage seeking medical advice when necessary.
In addition, when a loved one suggests getting checked or seeing a doctor, it shouldn’t be taken as criticism. These reminders come from a place of care and concern. Good friends and family members often want to help, and their encouragement can prompt action that may lead to early detection and better health outcomes. Remember, leaning on a support network is never a sign of weakness; it symbolizes strength and a luxury that many others don’t have.
Take Preventive Measures into Your Own Hands
Some cancer risk factors are beyond control, but that doesn’t mean men can’t take meaningful paces to lower their risk. Trying one’s best to quit smoking, eating healthy, being more physically active, limiting alcohol, being wary of workplace carcinogens, and scheduling regular screenings with the support of loved ones all play essential roles in reducing cancer risk. Prevention starts with daily habits and lifestyle improvements that promote overall health and wellness. Men who prioritize these measures reduce their cancer risk and enhance their quality of life. Taking action now means investing in long-term health and well-being, leading to a lower likelihood of fighting cancer in the future.
Experience Precision Oncology at New Hope Unlimited
Our precision oncology approach treats you, not just the disease. Personalizing treatment plans focused on your unique cancer profile targets cancer more effectively, reduces side effects, and improves the chances of successful outcomes. Reach out to New Hope Unlimited, where we are dedicated to offering hope, healing, and support throughout your treatment process. Let us help you explore new possibilities for your cancer care.